What action should a nurse instruct an AP to take for a patient with orthostatic hypotension?

• A. A Encourage the client to change positions slowly
• B. B Restrict the client's oral intake of fluids
• C. C Encourage the client to take a short walk
• D. D Discontinue IV fluids

Answer: (A)

Orthostatic hypotension happens when standing causes blood to pool in the legs and cerebral perfusion drops before the body can compensate. The safest, most effective action for the assistant is to guide the patient through gradual position changes to prevent a rapid blood pressure drop and dizziness.

Explain the practical steps the AP should take: help the patient move from lying to sitting at the edge of the bed, allow a short period for the legs to dangle, then assist to stand with support and close supervision. Stay within arm’s reach, monitor for lightheadedness, and be ready to help the patient return to bed if symptoms occur. This slow transition gives the body time to adjust—vasoconstriction and heart rate rise gradually to maintain adequate brain perfusion, reducing the risk of fainting and falls.

Think of what not to do: restricting fluids would decrease circulating volume and worsen the problem; encouraging a walk without ensuring the patient tolerates it could provoke dizziness; discontinuing IV fluids would lower blood volume further. Keeping a patient well-hydrated and supporting safe, gradual movements is the focus.